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QUESTION The time to failure of a new type of lightbulb is thought
to
  have an exponential distribution.\\
  If the reliability of this type of lightbulb at 10.5 weeks is 0.9
  find the reliability at 10 weeks. (Note that reliability is
  defined as the probability that the article will not have failed
  by the specified time).\\
  100 bulbs of this type are put in a new shop. All the bulbs that
  have failed are replaced at 20 week intervals and none are
  replaced at other times. If R is the number of bulbs that have
  to be replaced, find the mean and variance of R. Explain why
  this result will hold for \textbf{any} such interval and not
  just the first,


ANSWER
 $f(x)=\lambda e^{-\lambda x}\ \ F(x)=1-e^{-\lambda x}$
  reliability at x=$P(x&gt;x)=1-F(x)=e^{-\lambda x}$\\
  therefore

  \begin{eqnarray*}
  e^{-\lambda 10.5}&amp;=&amp;0.9\\
  10.5\lambda &amp;=&amp;\ln \frac{10}{9}\\
  \rightarrow \lambda &amp;=&amp; 0.010034
  \end{eqnarray*}

  Reliability at 20 weeks=$e^{-20 \lambda}=0.818$\\
  R is the number replaced at the end of twenty weeks.
  R$\sim$ B(100,0.182), n=100 p=0.182.\\
  $\mu =np= 100 \times 0.182 =18.2\\
  \sigma^2=npq=100 \times 0.182 \times 0.818=14.8$\\
  `No memory property' means it applies to any interval, since
  surviving bulbs `start again'.

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